http://tdudspace.texicon.in:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/10 2026-04-14T19:42:49Z http://tdudspace.texicon.in:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/205 Title: Ethno veterinary Practices for Animal Health Management and the Associated Medicinal Plants from 24 Locations in 10 Indian State s Authors: Nair, M.N.B; Punniamurthy, N; Kumar, S.K Abstract: Introduction: The aim of this chapter were to collect the ethno-veterinary practices for prevention and cure of animal health conditions and associated flora from healers and knowledgeable dairy farmers and to rapidly assess these practices for their safety and efficacy. Methods: Participatory rural appraisal and matrix ranking are used for prioritization of the animal health conditions. The documented formulations were rapidly assessed for their safety and efficacy using rapid assessment methodology. Results: Local people used 248 species of plants belonging to 80 families for prevention and cure of animal health conditions. Out of 441 formulations using various plants, 353 are safe and efficacious. The majority of these medicinal plants belong to Leguminosae (27 species with 20 genera), Apiaceae (nine species), Cucurbitaceae (8 species), Euphorbiaceae (11 species) and Poaceae (14 species). Leaves are commonly used (34.42%) followed by roots, (11%), fruits (9.74%), seeds (8.76%), barks (8.76%, whole plant (3.57%) stem (3.25%) and rhizome (2.6%). Average expenditure incurred for animal health care by a household was Indian Rupees 726.00 with western veterinary treatment and Indian Rupees 42.4 with ethno-veterinary practices, saving Indian Rupees 684 per episode. Conclusion: In the community, there is a wealth of cost-effective conventional animal health information and services. In livestock management, ethno-veterinary methods are a feasible alternative to antibiotics and other chemical medicines. 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z http://tdudspace.texicon.in:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/203 Title: Reduction of antibiotic residue in milk through the use of cost effective ethno-veterinary practices (EVP) for cattle health Authors: Nair, M.N.B; Punniamurthy, N; Kumar, S.K Abstract: Antibiotics are extensively used globally to improve animal health, welfare and also to enhance animal productivity. Even though antibiotics play a critical role in livestock production, antibiotic resistant bacteria are a major public health concern. Farm animals are exposed to considerable quantities of antibiotics and act as an important reservoir of antibiotic resistant genes. The use of antibiotics for common cattle diseases, such as mastitis and diarrhoea in calves, is widespread in both in smallholder and large-scale dairy farming. The use of Ethno-veterinary practices (EVP) as alternatives to antibiotics shows significant reduction in the antibiotic residues in the milk from cattle and increased financial saving for the farmers. Adopting the ethno-veterinary science and practices to combat infectious diseases in livestock has been identified and tested as a key game changer in rationalising the use of antibiotics in veterinary health care and reducing antibiotic residue(s) in milk. A progressive reduction in the incidence of mastitis, enteritis, repeat breeding and cowpox were observed from 2016 to 2019 among the cows treated with EVP. 2022-05-01T00:00:00Z http://tdudspace.texicon.in:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/202 Title: Prevention of Mastitis in Cattle During Dry Period Using Herbal Formulation Authors: Kumar, S.K; Nair, M.N.B.; Puniamurthy, N; Deepa, P.M Abstract: Recent studies indicated that the bacterial infections persist during the dry period and are responsible for clinical mastitis in the subsequent lactation. Dry cow therapy generally in managing existing infection and in preventing new infection during the dry period. It involves in use of intra-mammary antibiotics. The Ethno-veterinary formulation consisting of Aloe vera, Curcuma longa and Calcium hydroxide is effective in prevention of mastitis during the dry period under field conditions in comparison with regular antibiotics therapy. The study indicated that the natural plant based formulation helped to contain the microbial infection of the udder better than the control. The pH of the milk during dry period and early lactation found to be normal. Somatic Cell Count (SCC) is higher in the control group on the day of complete drying, day of calving and 5th day of calving. 2018-06-01T00:00:00Z http://tdudspace.texicon.in:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/201 Title: Mycotoxin induced antibiotic resistance, an unsuspected public health impact: a perspective review Authors: Kothapalli, Prathap Kumar; Nair, M.N.B.; Punniyamurthy, N Abstract: Resistance-to-antibiotics (ABR) in bacteria is an ever increasing critical global public health concern, as is the prevalence of mycotoxins in human food and animal feed. Mycotoxins are toxins produced by fungi, and so are antibiotics, albeit some soil bacteria also produce antibiotics. While fungal compounds toxic to humans and animals were categorised as mycotoxins, compounds having bactericidal/bacteriostatic activity were pharmacologically used as antibiotics. Nevertheless, the line of demarcation between antibiotics and mycotoxins is not absolute, as many mycotoxins possess antibiotic properties. However, until now mycotoxins were usually not-suspected to induce cross-resistance to antibiotics. The current article demonstrates the plausible mechanistic link for the induction of cross-resistance by mycotoxins to antibiotics. Evidence presented shows that in addition to common origin both mycotoxins and antibiotics have similar chemical structures, genetic backbone, biosynthetic pathway as well as role in the life of producing organism and even induce similar resistance mechanisms in bacteria, scientifically substantiating that mycotoxin induced ABR is a plausible phenomenon. Further the unavoidable presence of mycotoxins in animal feed albeit at low levels, mimics long-term exposure of commensal bacteria in farm animals to antibiotic-growth-promoters at low levels. Additionally, chronic low-level antibiotic exposure in animals is argued to be a serious factor contributing to antibiotic-resistant bacteria in humans. Finally the article provides experimental design to help evaluate the mycotoxin-induced-ABR. The given scientific evidence necessitates future investigations through appropriate studies to confirm the potential of mycotoxins as critical inducers of ABR, from possibility to plausibility. 2021-08-01T00:00:00Z